提起模具拋光的問題，基本上的大家都有簡單的了解，本文講具體介紹關于塑料模具拋光的方法

       機械拋光

　　機械拋(pao)光(guang)是(shi)(shi)靠切(qie)削、材(cai)料外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)塑性(xing)變形去掉被拋(pao)光(guang)后的(de)凸部而得到(dao)滑潤面(mian)的(de)拋(pao)光(guang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)，一般使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)油石條、羊毛輪、砂(sha)紙等，以手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)操作(zuo)為主，特殊零件(jian)如(ru)回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)，可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺等輔(fu)佐工(gong)(gong)(gong)具，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)質量(liang)要求高的(de)可選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)超精(jing)研拋(pao)的(de)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)。超精(jing)研拋(pao)是(shi)(shi)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)特制的(de)磨具，在(zai)(zai)含有(you)磨料的(de)研拋(pao)液中，緊壓在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)被加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)上，作(zuo)高速旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該技(ji)術(shu)能夠(gou)到(dao)達Ra0.008μm的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)表(biao)粗(cu)糙度，是(shi)(shi)各種拋(pao)光(guang)辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)中高的(de)。光(guang)學鏡片模具常(chang)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)這種辦(ban)(ban)法(fa)。

　　化學拋光

　　化(hua)(hua)(hua)學拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)是(shi)讓材料(liao)在化(hua)(hua)(hua)學介質中(zhong)(zhong)外表微觀(guan)凸出(chu)的部(bu)分(fen)較凹部(bu)分(fen)優(you)先溶解(jie)，從(cong)而得到(dao)滑潤(run)面。這種辦(ban)法的首要長處是(shi)不需雜亂設備(bei)，能夠拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)形狀雜亂的工件，能夠同時拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)很多工件，效率(lv)高。化(hua)(hua)(hua)學拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)的中(zhong)(zhong)心問題是(shi)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)液的制造(zao)。化(hua)(hua)(hua)學拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)得到(dao)的外表粗糙度一般為數10μm。

　　電解拋光

　　電(dian)解(jie)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)根本原理與(yu)化學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)相(xiang)同，即(ji)靠挑選性(xing)的溶(rong)解(jie)材料外表(biao)細小凸出部分，使外表(biao)光(guang)滑(hua)。與(yu)化學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)相(xiang)比(bi)，能夠消 除陰(yin)極反應的影響，**較好。電(dian)化學(xue)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)進程分為兩步：⑴宏(hong)觀(guan)整(zheng)平溶(rong)解(jie)產品(pin)向電(dian)解(jie)液中擴(kuo)散，材料外表(biao)幾許(xu)粗糙下降，Ra>1μm。⑵微光(guang)平整(zheng)陽極極化，外表(biao)亮(liang)光(guang)度進步，Ra<1μm。

　　超聲波拋光

　　將工(gong)件(jian)放入磨(mo)料(liao)懸浮(fu)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)并一同(tong)置于(yu)超(chao)聲波(bo)場中(zhong)，依托超(chao)聲波(bo)的振蕩效(xiao)果(guo)，使磨(mo)料(liao)在工(gong)件(jian)外(wai)表(biao)磨(mo)削拋光。超(chao)聲波(bo)加(jia)工(gong)宏觀力(li)小(xiao)，不會引(yin)起工(gong)件(jian)變(bian)形，但工(gong)裝制作和裝置較困(kun)難(nan)。超(chao)聲波(bo)加(jia)工(gong)能夠(gou)與化學或電化學辦法結合。在溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)腐(fu)蝕、電解(jie)的基礎(chu)上，再(zai)施加(jia)超(chao)聲波(bo)振動攪拌(ban)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，使工(gong)件(jian)外(wai)表(biao)溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)產品脫(tuo)離，外(wai)表(biao)附近的腐(fu)蝕或電解(jie)質均勻；超(chao)聲波(bo)在液(ye)(ye)體中(zhong)的空化效(xiao)果(guo)還能夠(gou)抑(yi)制腐(fu)蝕進(jin)程，利于(yu)外(wai)表(biao)亮光化。

　　流體拋光

　　流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)拋光(guang)是依托高(gao)速(su)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)液體(ti)(ti)(ti)及其(qi)攜(xie)帶的(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)粒沖刷工(gong)(gong)件外(wai)表(biao)(biao)到達(da)拋光(guang)的(de)(de)意(yi)圖(tu)。常用(yong)辦法有：磨(mo)(mo)料噴發(fa)加工(gong)(gong)、液體(ti)(ti)(ti)噴發(fa)加工(gong)(gong)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)動(dong)(dong)力(li)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)等(deng)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)動(dong)(dong)力(li)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)是由液壓驅動(dong)(dong)，使攜(xie)帶磨(mo)(mo)粒的(de)(de)液體(ti)(ti)(ti)介(jie)質高(gao)速(su)往復流(liu)(liu)(liu)過工(gong)(gong)件外(wai)表(biao)(biao)。介(jie)質首(shou)要選(xuan)用(yong)在較低壓力(li)下流(liu)(liu)(liu)過性好的(de)(de)特殊(shu)化(hua)合物（聚合物狀(zhuang)物質）并(bing)摻(chan)上磨(mo)(mo)料制成，磨(mo)(mo)料可(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)碳化(hua)硅粉末。

　　磁研磨拋光

　　磁(ci)研磨拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)是使用磁(ci)性磨料在磁(ci)場(chang)效(xiao)果下構成磨料刷，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)件磨削加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。這(zhe)種辦(ban)法加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率高，質(zhi)量(liang)好，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)條件容易操控(kong)，工(gong)(gong)作條件好。選(xuan)用適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨料，外表粗糙度能夠到達(da)Ra0.1μm。2機械拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)基(ji)該辦(ban)法在塑料模具(ju)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)與其他行業(ye)中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外表拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)有(you)(you)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，嚴格來說，模具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)應該稱為(wei)鏡面加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。它不(bu)僅(jin)對(dui)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)本身有(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求并且對(dui)外表平整度、光(guang)(guang)(guang)滑(hua)度以(yi)(yi)及幾許精 確度也有(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)。外表拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)一(yi)般只要(yao)求取得亮光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外表即可。鏡面加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規范(fan)分為(wei)四級：AO=Ra0.008μm，A1=Ra0.016μm，A3=Ra0.032μm，A4=Ra0.063μm，因為(wei)電解拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)、流體(ti)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)等(deng)辦(ban)法很(hen)難精 確操控(kong)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾許精 確度，而化學拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)、超聲波(bo)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)、磁(ci)研磨拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)等(deng)辦(ban)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外表質(zhi)量(liang)又達(da)不(bu)到要(yao)求，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)精密模具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鏡面加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)還(huan)是以(yi)(yi)機械拋(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)為(wei)主。

　　根本程序

     要(yao)想取得(de)高質量的(de)拋(pao)光(guang)，重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是(shi)要(yao)具(ju)備有高質量的(de)油石(shi)、砂紙和鉆石(shi)研磨(mo)膏等拋(pao)光(guang)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)和輔佐品。而拋(pao)光(guang)程序的(de)挑選取決于前期加(jia)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)的(de)外表(biao)狀況，如機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、電火花加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，磨(mo)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)等等。